Melbourne City Baths

Melbourne was dubbed ‘Smellbourne’ in the late 19th century, as its water and waste management systems struggled to keep pace with the rapid expansion of population following the gold rush and subsequent economic boom. At that time, the majority of Melbourne’s population could not bathe or shower at home – public baths were used as much for cleanliness and health as for exercise or recreation. The 1904 Melbourne City Baths complex replaced facilities that had opened in 1860.
Plans for the building by J.J. Clark show that all facilities were segregated. A swimming pool, 16 slipper baths, six spray baths and a gymnasium were provided for men, and another swimming pool and baths were provided for women. There were also Turkish and vapour baths, a Jewish ceremonial bath and a laundry. Class distinctions were observed, with second-class facilities in the basement and first-class on the floor above.
The City Baths began to fall into disrepair in the 1930s due to economic constraints, and by the 1970s were threatened with demolition. This threat averted, the distinctive building was refurbished in the 1980s and today provides facilities for the inner city’s population.